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#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:4
msgid "Chemical Components"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:6
msgid ""
"For our last example of component oriented modeling, we'll return to the "
":ref:`chemical-system` we discussed in the chapter on :ref:`vectors-and-"
"arrays`.  However, this time we will create component models for the various"
" effects and show how connections in Modelica automatically ensure "
"conservation of species."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:13
msgid "Species"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:17
msgid ""
"The species we will be dealing with in this example are defined by the "
"following ``enumeration``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:23
msgid ""
"Note that this definition exists within a package called ``ABX``. This "
"indicates that the component models are designed to work with this three "
"species system involving ``A``, ``B`` and ``X``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:28
msgid "``Mixture``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:30
msgid ""
"Also contained in the ``ABX`` package is the following ``connector`` "
"definition (which can be found in the ``Interfaces`` sub-package):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:36
msgid ""
"Here we see that our ``Mixture`` connector uses concentrations as the across"
" variables and a concentration rate as the flow variable. Although the "
"``flow`` variable in this case is not strictly the flow of a conserved "
"quantity, it will suffice in this example since all reactions are contained "
"within the same volume."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:42
msgid ""
"Note that both ``C`` and ``R`` in this connector are arrays where the "
"subscript is given by an ``enumeration`` type.  We saw earlier how :ref"
":`array-enum-dim` can be used in this way."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:47
msgid "``Solution``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:49
msgid ""
"Our first component model is used to track the concentration of the various "
"chemical species within a control volume.  As alluded to earlier, since all "
"reactions occur within the same volume, we don't need to actually specify "
"the size of the control volume."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:54
msgid ""
"The ``Solution`` model is quite simple.  Like the ``RegionalPopulation`` "
"model discussed :ref:`earlier in this chapter <population-components>`, the "
"rate of change of the across variable associated with its sole connector is "
"equal to the ``flow`` variable on that same connector:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:64
msgid "Reactions"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:67
msgid "``Reaction``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:69
msgid ""
"As we saw previously, this system has three reactions.  Each of the specific"
" reactions we'll examine extend from the following ``partial`` model:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:76
msgid ""
"We see that each reaction has a reaction coefficient, ``k``, and a "
"``Mixture`` connector, ``mixture``, that ultimately connects it to the "
"``Solution`` where the reaction is to take place.  The internal vector "
"variables ``consumed`` and ``produced`` play a role that is similar to the "
"``decline`` and ``growth`` variables in the ``SinkOrSource`` :ref:`discussed"
" earlier in this chapter <reproduction-component>` (*i.e.,* they allow us to"
" write contributions from individual reactions using an intuitive "
"terminology)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:87
msgid "``A+B->X``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:89
msgid ""
"The first complete reaction model we will consider is the one that turns one"
" molecule of ``A`` and one molecule of ``B`` into one molecule of ``X``.  "
"Using the ``Reaction`` model, we can model this reaction as follows:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:108
msgid ""
"The first thing to note about this model is that it is composed of non-"
"alphanumeric characters.  Specifically, the name of this model contains "
"``+``, ``-`` and ``>``.  This is permitted in Modelica **as long as the name"
" is quoted using single quote characters**.  The rate of the reaction, "
"``R``, is used in conjunction with the ``consumed`` and ``produced`` "
"variables inherited from the ``Reaction`` model to create equations that "
"clearly describe both the reactants and the products in this reaction."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:118
msgid "``A+B<-X``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:120
msgid ""
"The next reaction we will consider is one that takes one molecule of ``X`` "
"and transforms it (back) into one molecule of ``A`` and one molecule of "
"``B``.  This is the reverse of the previous reaction.  The Modelica code for"
" this reaction would be:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:137
msgid ""
"Again, the equations convey clearly which species are reactants (*i.e.,* are"
" consumed in the reaction) and which are the products (*i.e.,* those species"
" that are produced in the reaction)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:142
msgid "``X+B->R+S``"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:144
msgid ""
"Finally, our last reaction converts molecules of ``X`` and ``B`` into "
"molecules of ``R`` and ``S``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:159
msgid ""
"We do not track the concentration of the ``R`` and ``S`` species since they "
"are simply byproducts and do not participate in any other reactions.  This "
"model follows the same familiar pattern as before with the exception that "
"the ``A`` species is not involved."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:165
msgid "System"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:167
msgid ""
"We can combine the ``Solution`` model along with the various reaction models"
" as follows:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:173
msgid ""
"Note how modifications to the ``solution`` component are used to set the "
"initial concentration of species within the ``solution`` component.  Also, "
"the reaction coefficients are specified via modifications to each of the "
"reaction components.  Finally, each of the reaction components is attached "
"to the ``solution.mixture`` connector."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:180
msgid ""
"Simulating this system for 10 seconds yields the following concentration "
"trajectories:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:185
msgid "#.. plot:: ../plots/ABX.py #   :include-source: no"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:189
msgid "Conclusion"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:191
msgid ""
"From our earlier discussion of this chemical system, you may recall that the"
" resulting system of equations was:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:202
msgid ""
"Each equation represents the accumulation of a particular species and each "
"term on the right hand side of those equations is computing the net flow of "
"that particular species into the control volume. Constructing this system by"
" hand for even a relatively small number of participating species is rife "
"with opportunities to introduce errors. By using a component oriented "
"approach instead, we never had to assemble such a system of equations.  As a"
" result, these equations were generated automatically.  By automating this "
"process, we can avoid many potential errors and the time required to "
"identify and fix them."
msgstr ""

#: ../../source/components/components/chem_comps.rst:15
msgid "enumeration"
msgstr ""
