Running: ./testmodel.py --libraries=/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ --ompython_omhome=/usr ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.conf.json
loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false)
loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false)
loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false)
loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaTest 3.2.2+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false)
Using package ModelicaTest with version 3.2.2 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaTest 3.2.2+maint.om/package.mo)
Using package Modelica with version 3.2.3 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo)
Using package Complex with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo)
Using package ModelicaServices with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo)
Running command: translateModel(ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=5000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve")
translateModel(ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=5000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve")
Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.001093/0.001093, allocations: 100.1 kB / 15.05 MB, free: 1.105 MB / 14.72 MB
Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.001273/0.001273, allocations: 177.3 kB / 15.95 MB, free: 216 kB / 14.72 MB
Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo): time 1.259/1.259, allocations: 205.4 MB / 222.1 MB, free: 5.652 MB / 174.1 MB
Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaTest 3.2.2+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.2658/0.2658, allocations: 40 MB / 310.4 MB, free: 9.992 MB / 254.1 MB
Notification: Modelica requested package Complex of version 3.2.3. Complex 4.0.0 is used instead which states that it is fully compatible without conversion script needed.
Notification: Modelica requested package ModelicaServices of version 3.2.3. ModelicaServices 4.0.0 is used instead which states that it is fully compatible without conversion script needed.
Notification: ModelicaTest requested package Modelica of version 3.2.2. Modelica 3.2.3 is used instead which states that it is fully compatible without conversion script needed.
Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - loaded program: time 0.000552/0.0005521, allocations: 20 kB / 378.8 MB, free: 12.64 MB / 318.1 MB
Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - Absyn->SCode: time 0.09492/0.09549, allocations: 57.95 MB / 436.8 MB, free: 2.594 MB / 366.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFInst.instantiate(ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve): time 0.1793/0.2749, allocations: 28.37 MB / 465.1 MB, free: 34.42 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFInst.instExpressions: time 0.01708/0.292, allocations: 17.07 MB / 482.2 MB, free: 27.52 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFInst.updateImplicitVariability: time 0.001814/0.2938, allocations: 66.25 kB / 482.3 MB, free: 27.48 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeComponents: time 0.001827/0.2957, allocations: 0.6174 MB / 482.9 MB, free: 27.13 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeBindings: time 0.005364/0.3011, allocations: 2.108 MB / 485 MB, free: 25.81 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeClassSections: time 0.009878/0.311, allocations: 3.99 MB / 489 MB, free: 24.03 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.flatten: time 0.004025/0.315, allocations: 2.546 MB / 491.5 MB, free: 22.77 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.resolveConnections: time 0.001457/0.3165, allocations: 1.088 MB / 492.6 MB, free: 22.4 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFEvalConstants.evaluate: time 0.001948/0.3184, allocations: 1.33 MB / 494 MB, free: 21.88 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFSimplifyModel.simplify: time 0.001472/0.3199, allocations: 1.199 MB / 495.1 MB, free: 21.45 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFPackage.collectConstants: time 0.0002365/0.3202, allocations: 99.53 kB / 495.2 MB, free: 21.45 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.collectFunctions: time 0.00443/0.3246, allocations: 2.51 MB / 497.8 MB, free: 20.81 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFScalarize.scalarize: time 0.0006249/0.3252, allocations: 0.5307 MB / 498.3 MB, free: 20.61 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFVerifyModel.verify: time 0.0004741/0.3257, allocations: 351.3 kB / 498.6 MB, free: 20.43 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of NFConvertDAE.convert: time 0.004869/0.3306, allocations: 2.972 MB / 0.4898 GB, free: 19.78 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - DAE generated: time 2.725e-06/0.3306, allocations: 1.156 kB / 0.4898 GB, free: 19.78 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of FrontEnd: time 1.943e-06/0.3306, allocations: 3.938 kB / 0.4899 GB, free: 19.77 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of Transformations before backend: time 5.141e-05/0.3307, allocations: 0 / 0.4899 GB, free: 19.77 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Model statistics after passing the front-end and creating the data structures used by the back-end:
 * Number of equations: 291
 * Number of variables: 291
Notification: Performance of Generate backend data structure: time 0.005843/0.3365, allocations: 2.154 MB / 0.492 GB, free: 18.46 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of prepare preOptimizeDAE: time 4.135e-05/0.3366, allocations: 10.22 kB / 0.492 GB, free: 18.46 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt normalInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.0008413/0.3374, allocations: 201.5 kB / 0.4922 GB, free: 18.37 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt evaluateParameters (simulation): time 0.00223/0.3397, allocations: 1.081 MB / 0.4932 GB, free: 17.74 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt simplifyIfEquations (simulation): time 0.0001601/0.3399, allocations: 182.4 kB / 0.4934 GB, free: 17.6 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt expandDerOperator (simulation): time 0.0002597/0.3401, allocations: 117.9 kB / 0.4935 GB, free: 17.56 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt clockPartitioning (simulation): time 0.003658/0.3438, allocations: 1.921 MB / 0.4954 GB, free: 16.76 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt findStateOrder (simulation): time 4.202e-05/0.3439, allocations: 3.906 kB / 0.4954 GB, free: 16.76 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt replaceEdgeChange (simulation): time 0.0002357/0.3441, allocations: 53.47 kB / 0.4954 GB, free: 16.72 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 0.0002584/0.3444, allocations: 114.8 kB / 0.4955 GB, free: 16.7 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt removeEqualRHS (simulation): time 0.004437/0.3488, allocations: 1.945 MB / 0.4974 GB, free: 16.04 MB / 382.1 MB
Warning: The model contains alias variables with redundant start and/or conflicting nominal values. It is recommended to resolve the conflicts, because otherwise the system could be hard to solve. To print the conflicting alias sets and the chosen candidates please use -d=aliasConflicts.
Notification: Performance of preOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.01263/0.3615, allocations: 7.371 MB / 0.5046 GB, free: 11.41 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt comSubExp (simulation): time 0.001981/0.3635, allocations: 1.399 MB / 0.506 GB, free: 10.68 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt evalFunc (simulation): time 0.006091/0.3696, allocations: 4.559 MB / 0.5105 GB, free: 6.672 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt encapsulateWhenConditions (simulation): time 4.148e-05/0.3697, allocations: 50.84 kB / 0.5105 GB, free: 6.621 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preOpt simplifyInStream (simulation): time 0.001058/0.3708, allocations: 228.9 kB / 0.5107 GB, free: 6.484 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of pre-optimization done (n=118): time 6.342e-06/0.3708, allocations: 1.188 kB / 0.5107 GB, free: 6.484 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=133): time 0.01996/0.3907, allocations: 6.645 MB / 0.5172 GB, free: 2.914 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of inlineWhenForInitialization (initialization): time 6.948e-05/0.3908, allocations: 224.1 kB / 0.5174 GB, free: 2.66 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of selectInitializationVariablesDAE (initialization): time 0.002138/0.393, allocations: 1.361 MB / 0.5188 GB, free: 1.918 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of collectPreVariables (initialization): time 0.000245/0.3933, allocations: 52.05 kB / 0.5188 GB, free: 1.867 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of collectInitialEqns (initialization): time 0.0003878/0.3937, allocations: 0.6583 MB / 0.5194 GB, free: 1.281 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of collectInitialBindings (initialization): time 0.0003891/0.3941, allocations: 459.1 kB / 0.5199 GB, free: 0.8828 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simplifyInitialFunctions (initialization): time 0.0001372/0.3942, allocations: 34.38 kB / 0.5199 GB, free: 0.8555 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of setup shared object (initialization): time 9.372e-05/0.3943, allocations: 377 kB / 0.5203 GB, free: 0.5 MB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of preBalanceInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.001259/0.3956, allocations: 0.8077 MB / 0.5211 GB, free: 84 kB / 382.1 MB
Notification: Performance of partitionIndependentBlocks (initialization): time 0.001576/0.3972, allocations: 1.152 MB / 0.5222 GB, free: 15.24 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of analyzeInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.001501/0.3987, allocations: 0.9308 MB / 0.5231 GB, free: 14.75 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of solveInitialSystemEqSystem (initialization): time 8.085e-06/0.3987, allocations: 0 / 0.5231 GB, free: 14.75 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=203) (initialization): time 0.004472/0.4032, allocations: 2.568 MB / 0.5256 GB, free: 12.56 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 0.001093/0.4043, allocations: 3.283 MB / 0.5288 GB, free: 9.074 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (initialization): time 2.898e-05/0.4043, allocations: 12 kB / 0.5288 GB, free: 9.062 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (initialization): time 0.008779/0.4131, allocations: 1.699 MB / 0.5305 GB, free: 7.359 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (initialization): time 0.001602/0.4148, allocations: 339.5 kB / 0.5308 GB, free: 7.027 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (initialization): time 0.002962/0.4177, allocations: 1.777 MB / 0.5325 GB, free: 5.227 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (initialization): time 0.002003/0.4198, allocations: 95.8 kB / 0.5326 GB, free: 5.133 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (initialization): time 0.0003348/0.4201, allocations: 75.95 kB / 0.5327 GB, free: 5.059 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 1.116e-05/0.4201, allocations: 8 kB / 0.5327 GB, free: 5.051 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt replaceHomotopyWithSimplified (initialization): time 0.00422/0.4244, allocations: 2.262 MB / 0.5349 GB, free: 2.781 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (initialization): time 2.94e-05/0.4244, allocations: 12 kB / 0.5349 GB, free: 2.77 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (initialization): time 0.00515/0.4296, allocations: 1.066 MB / 0.536 GB, free: 1.699 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (initialization): time 0.001542/0.4311, allocations: 355.5 kB / 0.5363 GB, free: 1.352 MB / 398.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (initialization): time 0.002253/0.4334, allocations: 1.474 MB / 0.5378 GB, free: 15.85 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (initialization): time 0.001751/0.4352, allocations: 103.7 kB / 0.5379 GB, free: 15.75 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (initialization): time 0.000268/0.4355, allocations: 82.3 kB / 0.5379 GB, free: 15.67 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for initialization:
 * Number of independent subsystems: 37
 * Number of states: 0 ()
 * Number of discrete variables: 6 (tank1.regularFlow[1],tank1.inFlow[1],tank2.regularFlow[1],tank2.inFlow[1],tank3.regularFlow[1],tank3.inFlow[1])
 * Number of discrete states: 0 ()
 * Number of clocked states: 0 ()
 * Top-level inputs: 0
Notification: Strong component statistics for initialization (168):
 * Single equations (assignments): 165
 * Array equations: 1
 * Algorithm blocks: 0
 * Record equations: 1
 * When equations: 0
 * If-equations: 0
 * Equation systems (linear and non-linear blocks): 0
 * Torn equation systems: 1
 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0
Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set:
 * Linear torn systems: 0
 * Non-linear torn systems: 1 {10 24}
Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 0.001117/0.4366, allocations: 484.6 kB / 0.5384 GB, free: 15.19 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt lateInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.0004988/0.4371, allocations: 166 kB / 0.5386 GB, free: 15.02 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt wrapFunctionCalls (simulation): time 0.004963/0.4421, allocations: 2.564 MB / 0.5411 GB, free: 12.46 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 2.982e-05/0.4421, allocations: 20 kB / 0.5411 GB, free: 12.44 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt constantLinearSystem (simulation): time 9.508e-06/0.4421, allocations: 7.875 kB / 0.5411 GB, free: 12.43 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifysemiLinear (simulation): time 2.005e-05/0.4422, allocations: 7.969 kB / 0.5411 GB, free: 12.42 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.007454/0.4496, allocations: 4.207 MB / 0.5452 GB, free: 8.148 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (simulation): time 1.016e-05/0.4497, allocations: 0 / 0.5452 GB, free: 8.148 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.001078/0.4508, allocations: 231.7 kB / 0.5454 GB, free: 7.922 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (simulation): time 0.005059/0.4558, allocations: 1.318 MB / 0.5467 GB, free: 6.598 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt inputDerivativesUsed (simulation): time 0.0002032/0.4561, allocations: 39.97 kB / 0.5467 GB, free: 6.559 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (simulation): time 0.002473/0.4585, allocations: 1.808 MB / 0.5485 GB, free: 4.73 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStateSetsJacobians (simulation): time 4.038e-06/0.4586, allocations: 3.953 kB / 0.5485 GB, free: 4.727 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt symbolicJacobian (simulation): time 0.005835/0.4644, allocations: 3.474 MB / 0.5519 GB, free: 1.234 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt removeConstants (simulation): time 0.001239/0.4657, allocations: 474.6 kB / 0.5524 GB, free: 0.75 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyTimeIndepFuncCalls (simulation): time 0.0005186/0.4662, allocations: 27.98 kB / 0.5524 GB, free: 0.7227 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (simulation): time 0.00152/0.4678, allocations: 107.8 kB / 0.5525 GB, free: 0.6172 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt findZeroCrossings (simulation): time 0.0002916/0.4681, allocations: 117.1 kB / 0.5526 GB, free: 0.5 MB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (simulation): time 0.0001947/0.4683, allocations: 64.83 kB / 0.5527 GB, free: 448 kB / 414.1 MB
Notification: Performance of sorting global known variables: time 0.001466/0.4698, allocations: 0.907 MB / 0.5535 GB, free: 15.53 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of sort global known variables: time 1.6e-07/0.4698, allocations: 0 / 0.5535 GB, free: 15.53 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of remove unused functions: time 0.004738/0.4745, allocations: 1.32 MB / 0.5548 GB, free: 14.21 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for simulation:
 * Number of independent subsystems: 1
 * Number of states: 8 (tank1.level,tank1.medium.T,tank2.level,tank2.medium.T,tank3.level,tank3.medium.T,valveDelayed.filter.x[1],valveDelayed.filter.x[2])
 * Number of discrete variables: 6 (tank1.regularFlow[1],tank1.inFlow[1],tank2.regularFlow[1],tank2.inFlow[1],tank3.regularFlow[1],tank3.inFlow[1])
 * Number of discrete states: 0 ()
 * Number of clocked states: 0 ()
 * Top-level inputs: 0
Notification: Strong component statistics for simulation (116):
 * Single equations (assignments): 113
 * Array equations: 0
 * Algorithm blocks: 0
 * Record equations: 2
 * When equations: 0
 * If-equations: 0
 * Equation systems (linear and non-linear blocks): 0
 * Torn equation systems: 1
 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0
Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set:
 * Linear torn systems: 0
 * Non-linear torn systems: 1 {10 39}
Notification: Performance of Backend phase and start with SimCode phase: time 0.00294/0.4775, allocations: 0.9665 MB / 0.5558 GB, free: 13.23 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: created initialization part: time 0.006749/0.4842, allocations: 3.239 MB / 0.5589 GB, free: 9.988 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: created event and clocks part: time 6.402e-06/0.4843, allocations: 4.188 kB / 0.5589 GB, free: 9.984 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: created simulation system equations: time 0.002091/0.4864, allocations: 1.047 MB / 0.56 GB, free: 8.938 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: created of all other equations (e.g. parameter, nominal, assert, etc): time 0.00359/0.49, allocations: 0.6889 MB / 0.5606 GB, free: 8.246 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: created linear, non-linear and system jacobian parts: time 0.006736/0.4967, allocations: 4.143 MB / 0.5647 GB, free: 4.086 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: some other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.001036/0.4978, allocations: 1.414 MB / 0.5661 GB, free: 2.641 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: alias equations: time 0.002442/0.5002, allocations: 0.6381 MB / 0.5667 GB, free: 1.996 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of simCode: all other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.0004593/0.5007, allocations: 143.4 kB / 0.5668 GB, free: 1.855 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of SimCode: time 6.11e-07/0.5007, allocations: 4 kB / 0.5668 GB, free: 1.852 MB / 430.1 MB
Notification: Performance of Templates: time 0.06771/0.5684, allocations: 47.29 MB / 0.613 GB, free: 2.543 MB / 478.1 MB
make -j1 -f ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.makefile
Environment - environmentSimulation:
(rm -f ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.pipe ; mkfifo ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.pipe ; head -c 1048576 < ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.pipe >> ../files/ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.sim & ./ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve  -abortSlowSimulation -alarm=480 -lv LOG_STATS > ModelicaTest_3.2.2_ModelicaTest.Fluid.TestComponents.Valves.TestDelayedValve.pipe 2>&1)
Environment - environmentSimulation: