Running: ./testmodel.py --libraries=/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ --ompython_omhome=/usr Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.conf.json loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) Using package Modelica with version 3.2.3 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo) Using package Complex with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo) Using package ModelicaServices with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo) Running command: translateModel(Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=200000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump") translateModel(Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=200000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump") Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.001291/0.001291, allocations: 99.86 kB / 15.05 MB, free: 1.105 MB / 14.72 MB Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.001665/0.001665, allocations: 177.3 kB / 15.94 MB, free: 228 kB / 14.72 MB Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 3.2.3+maint.om/package.mo): time 1.936/1.936, allocations: 205.4 MB / 222.1 MB, free: 5.539 MB / 174.1 MB Notification: Modelica requested package Complex of version 3.2.3. Complex 4.0.0 is used instead which states that it is fully compatible without conversion script needed. Notification: Modelica requested package ModelicaServices of version 3.2.3. ModelicaServices 4.0.0 is used instead which states that it is fully compatible without conversion script needed. Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - loaded program: time 0.0005006/0.0005008, allocations: 8 kB / 278.9 MB, free: 12.72 MB / 238.1 MB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - Absyn->SCode: time 0.3534/0.354, allocations: 47.58 MB / 326.5 MB, free: 1.426 MB / 254.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFInst.instantiate(Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump): time 0.01418/0.3682, allocations: 10 MB / 336.5 MB, free: 9.469 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFInst.instExpressions: time 0.0117/0.3799, allocations: 4.092 MB / 340.5 MB, free: 5.367 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFInst.updateImplicitVariability: time 0.004383/0.3844, allocations: 63.69 kB / 340.6 MB, free: 5.305 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeComponents: time 0.003582/0.388, allocations: 0.6958 MB / 341.3 MB, free: 4.605 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeBindings: time 0.005883/0.3939, allocations: 0.923 MB / 342.2 MB, free: 3.68 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeClassSections: time 0.00286/0.3968, allocations: 443.2 kB / 342.7 MB, free: 3.246 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.flatten: time 0.007695/0.4045, allocations: 2.419 MB / 345.1 MB, free: 0.8242 MB / 270.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.resolveConnections: time 0.003837/0.4084, allocations: 1.885 MB / 347 MB, free: 14.89 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFEvalConstants.evaluate: time 0.003054/0.4115, allocations: 1.207 MB / 348.2 MB, free: 13.68 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFSimplifyModel.simplify: time 0.003635/0.4152, allocations: 1.459 MB / 349.6 MB, free: 12.22 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFPackage.collectConstants: time 0.0009785/0.4162, allocations: 180 kB / 349.8 MB, free: 12.04 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.collectFunctions: time 0.001462/0.4177, allocations: 255.9 kB / 350.1 MB, free: 11.79 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFScalarize.scalarize: time 0.001039/0.4187, allocations: 0.8606 MB / 350.9 MB, free: 10.93 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFVerifyModel.verify: time 0.001258/0.42, allocations: 0.6679 MB / 351.6 MB, free: 10.25 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of NFConvertDAE.convert: time 0.007319/0.4273, allocations: 4.375 MB / 356 MB, free: 5.867 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - DAE generated: time 6.362e-06/0.4274, allocations: 0 / 356 MB, free: 5.867 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd: time 5.761e-06/0.4274, allocations: 0 / 356 MB, free: 5.867 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of Transformations before backend: time 0.0003533/0.4278, allocations: 0 / 356 MB, free: 5.867 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Model statistics after passing the front-end and creating the data structures used by the back-end: * Number of equations: 731 * Number of variables: 731 Notification: Performance of Generate backend data structure: time 0.01135/0.4391, allocations: 3.396 MB / 359.4 MB, free: 2.398 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of prepare preOptimizeDAE: time 5.646e-05/0.4392, allocations: 12.02 kB / 359.4 MB, free: 2.387 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt normalInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.002873/0.4421, allocations: 475.5 kB / 359.8 MB, free: 1.918 MB / 286.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt evaluateParameters (simulation): time 0.005251/0.4474, allocations: 1.905 MB / 361.7 MB, free: 15.96 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt simplifyIfEquations (simulation): time 0.0003605/0.4478, allocations: 383.8 kB / 362.1 MB, free: 15.55 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt expandDerOperator (simulation): time 0.0007714/0.4485, allocations: 287.9 kB / 362.4 MB, free: 15.27 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt clockPartitioning (simulation): time 0.008627/0.4572, allocations: 3.668 MB / 366.1 MB, free: 11.51 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt findStateOrder (simulation): time 8.234e-05/0.4573, allocations: 7.906 kB / 366.1 MB, free: 11.5 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt replaceEdgeChange (simulation): time 0.000318/0.4576, allocations: 112 kB / 366.2 MB, free: 11.39 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 0.0001401/0.4578, allocations: 125.5 kB / 366.3 MB, free: 11.27 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt removeEqualRHS (simulation): time 0.006509/0.4643, allocations: 3.074 MB / 369.4 MB, free: 8.184 MB / 302.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.02391/0.4883, allocations: 11.96 MB / 381.3 MB, free: 11.86 MB / 318.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt comSubExp (simulation): time 0.003812/0.4921, allocations: 2.812 MB / 384.1 MB, free: 8.84 MB / 318.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt evalFunc (simulation): time 0.0003107/0.4925, allocations: 130.4 kB / 384.3 MB, free: 8.695 MB / 318.1 MB Notification: Performance of preOpt encapsulateWhenConditions (simulation): time 0.00201/0.4945, allocations: 1.163 MB / 385.4 MB, free: 7.492 MB / 318.1 MB Notification: Performance of pre-optimization done (n=153): time 6.262e-06/0.4946, allocations: 3.938 kB / 385.4 MB, free: 7.488 MB / 318.1 MB Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=173): time 0.02465/0.5192, allocations: 9.565 MB / 395 MB, free: 13.79 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of inlineWhenForInitialization (initialization): time 0.0002182/0.5195, allocations: 312.7 kB / 395.3 MB, free: 13.41 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of selectInitializationVariablesDAE (initialization): time 0.004868/0.5244, allocations: 2.089 MB / 397.4 MB, free: 11.29 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of collectPreVariables (initialization): time 0.000284/0.5247, allocations: 65.62 kB / 397.5 MB, free: 11.21 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of collectInitialEqns (initialization): time 0.001811/0.5265, allocations: 1.395 MB / 398.9 MB, free: 9.805 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of collectInitialBindings (initialization): time 0.001005/0.5275, allocations: 0.5778 MB / 399.4 MB, free: 9.219 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of simplifyInitialFunctions (initialization): time 0.0002283/0.5278, allocations: 40 kB / 399.5 MB, free: 9.18 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of setup shared object (initialization): time 0.0003318/0.5281, allocations: 389.9 kB / 399.9 MB, free: 8.793 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of preBalanceInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.002328/0.5305, allocations: 1.031 MB / 400.9 MB, free: 7.758 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of partitionIndependentBlocks (initialization): time 0.002758/0.5333, allocations: 1.595 MB / 402.5 MB, free: 5.938 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of analyzeInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.002379/0.5357, allocations: 1.24 MB / 403.7 MB, free: 4.699 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of solveInitialSystemEqSystem (initialization): time 2.026e-05/0.5357, allocations: 4 kB / 403.7 MB, free: 4.695 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=260) (initialization): time 0.007605/0.5433, allocations: 3.608 MB / 407.3 MB, free: 1.055 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 0.003234/0.5466, allocations: 5.676 MB / 413 MB, free: 10.98 MB / 350.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (initialization): time 5.725e-05/0.5467, allocations: 16 kB / 413 MB, free: 10.96 MB / 350.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (initialization): time 0.003387/0.5501, allocations: 1.134 MB / 414.2 MB, free: 9.809 MB / 350.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (initialization): time 0.001824/0.5519, allocations: 387.3 kB / 414.5 MB, free: 9.43 MB / 350.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (initialization): time 0.01759/0.5695, allocations: 14.29 MB / 428.8 MB, free: 10.33 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (initialization): time 0.002938/0.5725, allocations: 167.9 kB / 429 MB, free: 10.17 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (initialization): time 0.000517/0.5731, allocations: 79.98 kB / 429.1 MB, free: 10.09 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 1.525e-05/0.5731, allocations: 7.953 kB / 429.1 MB, free: 10.08 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt replaceHomotopyWithSimplified (initialization): time 0.006963/0.5801, allocations: 3.351 MB / 432.4 MB, free: 6.707 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (initialization): time 5.33e-05/0.5802, allocations: 12 kB / 432.4 MB, free: 6.695 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (initialization): time 0.002883/0.5831, allocations: 1.14 MB / 433.6 MB, free: 5.535 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (initialization): time 0.001695/0.5848, allocations: 375.4 kB / 433.9 MB, free: 5.168 MB / 366.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (initialization): time 0.01707/0.6019, allocations: 14.25 MB / 448.2 MB, free: 6.113 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (initialization): time 0.002954/0.6049, allocations: 167.8 kB / 448.4 MB, free: 5.949 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (initialization): time 0.000526/0.6055, allocations: 83.98 kB / 448.4 MB, free: 5.867 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for initialization: * Number of independent subsystems: 62 * Number of states: 0 () * Number of discrete variables: 25 ($whenCondition4,$whenCondition3,$whenCondition2,$whenCondition1,$PRE.loadControl.pulseStart,loadControl.pulseStart,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[1].off,switch.closerWithArc[1].off,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[1].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[1].quenched,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[1].tSwitch,switch.closerWithArc[1].tSwitch,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[2].off,switch.closerWithArc[2].off,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[2].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[2].quenched,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[2].tSwitch,switch.closerWithArc[2].tSwitch,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[3].off,switch.closerWithArc[3].off,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[3].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[3].quenched,$PRE.switch.closerWithArc[3].tSwitch,switch.closerWithArc[3].tSwitch,voltageController.I.local_reset) * Number of discrete states: 0 () * Number of clocked states: 0 () * Top-level inputs: 0 Notification: Strong component statistics for initialization (214): * Single equations (assignments): 207 * Array equations: 0 * Algorithm blocks: 0 * Record equations: 0 * When equations: 0 * If-equations: 0 * Equation systems (linear and non-linear blocks): 1 * Torn equation systems: 6 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0 Notification: Equation system details: * Constant Jacobian: 0 * Linear Jacobian (size,density): 1 {(2,100.0%)} * Non-linear Jacobian: 0 * Without analytic Jacobian: 0 Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set: * Linear torn systems: 3 {(4,100.0%) 14,(3,100.0%) 21,(2,100.0%) 1} * Non-linear torn systems: 3 {1 1,1 1,1 1} Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 0.003113/0.6086, allocations: 0.973 MB / 449.4 MB, free: 4.883 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt lateInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.001155/0.6098, allocations: 229.3 kB / 449.6 MB, free: 4.656 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt wrapFunctionCalls (simulation): time 0.008476/0.6182, allocations: 3.392 MB / 453 MB, free: 1.234 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 2.552e-05/0.6183, allocations: 16 kB / 453 MB, free: 1.219 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt constantLinearSystem (simulation): time 2.027e-05/0.6183, allocations: 7.953 kB / 453.1 MB, free: 1.211 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifysemiLinear (simulation): time 2.203e-05/0.6184, allocations: 15.89 kB / 453.1 MB, free: 1.195 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.2701/0.8885, allocations: 6.607 MB / 459.7 MB, free: 107.3 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (simulation): time 1.685e-05/0.8886, allocations: 7.75 kB / 459.7 MB, free: 107.3 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.0009408/0.8895, allocations: 195.6 kB / 459.9 MB, free: 107.3 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (simulation): time 0.00335/0.8929, allocations: 1.374 MB / 461.3 MB, free: 107.1 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt inputDerivativesUsed (simulation): time 0.0001683/0.8931, allocations: 43.78 kB / 461.3 MB, free: 107.1 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (simulation): time 0.01597/0.9091, allocations: 14.74 MB / 476 MB, free: 97.49 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStateSetsJacobians (simulation): time 7.864e-06/0.9091, allocations: 11.03 kB / 476 MB, free: 97.48 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt symbolicJacobian (simulation): time 0.007077/0.9162, allocations: 4.835 MB / 480.9 MB, free: 92.94 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt removeConstants (simulation): time 0.001553/0.9178, allocations: 0.5256 MB / 481.4 MB, free: 92.52 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyTimeIndepFuncCalls (simulation): time 0.0003649/0.9182, allocations: 53.72 kB / 481.5 MB, free: 92.47 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (simulation): time 0.001318/0.9195, allocations: 131 kB / 481.6 MB, free: 92.34 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt findZeroCrossings (simulation): time 0.0004835/0.92, allocations: 224.6 kB / 481.8 MB, free: 92.13 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (simulation): time 9.432e-05/0.9201, allocations: 47.97 kB / 481.9 MB, free: 92.08 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of sorting global known variables: time 0.001859/0.922, allocations: 1.426 MB / 483.3 MB, free: 90.64 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of sort global known variables: time 1.5e-07/0.922, allocations: 0 / 483.3 MB, free: 90.64 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of remove unused functions: time 0.003629/0.9256, allocations: 1.194 MB / 484.5 MB, free: 89.45 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for simulation: * Number of independent subsystems: 8 * Number of states: 8 (smee.idq_sr[1],smee.idq_sr[2],smee.idq_rr[1],smee.idq_rr[2],smee.idq_dr[1],speed.phi,speed.w,voltageController.I.y) * Number of discrete variables: 14 ($whenCondition4,$whenCondition3,$whenCondition2,$whenCondition1,loadControl.pulseStart,switch.closerWithArc[1].off,switch.closerWithArc[1].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[1].tSwitch,switch.closerWithArc[2].off,switch.closerWithArc[2].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[2].tSwitch,switch.closerWithArc[3].off,switch.closerWithArc[3].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[3].tSwitch) * Number of discrete states: 6 (switch.closerWithArc[1].off,switch.closerWithArc[1].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[2].off,switch.closerWithArc[2].quenched,switch.closerWithArc[3].off,switch.closerWithArc[3].quenched) * Number of clocked states: 0 () * Top-level inputs: 0 Notification: Strong component statistics for simulation (114): * Single equations (assignments): 105 * Array equations: 0 * Algorithm blocks: 0 * Record equations: 0 * When equations: 4 * If-equations: 0 * Equation systems (linear and non-linear blocks): 0 * Torn equation systems: 5 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0 Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set: * Linear torn systems: 1 {(2,100.0%) 1} * Non-linear torn systems: 4 {7 49,1 1,1 1,1 1} Notification: Performance of Backend phase and start with SimCode phase: time 0.0003692/0.926, allocations: 171.9 kB / 484.6 MB, free: 89.28 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: created initialization part: time 0.008209/0.9342, allocations: 6.211 MB / 490.9 MB, free: 82.94 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: created event and clocks part: time 8.997e-06/0.9342, allocations: 4 kB / 490.9 MB, free: 82.94 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: created simulation system equations: time 0.003471/0.9377, allocations: 2.343 MB / 493.2 MB, free: 80.56 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: created of all other equations (e.g. parameter, nominal, assert, etc): time 0.002692/0.9404, allocations: 0.4997 MB / 493.7 MB, free: 80.08 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: created linear, non-linear and system jacobian parts: time 0.01176/0.9522, allocations: 7.314 MB / 0.4893 GB, free: 72.8 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: some other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.001803/0.9541, allocations: 2.311 MB / 0.4915 GB, free: 70.46 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: alias equations: time 0.002242/0.9563, allocations: 0.6078 MB / 0.4921 GB, free: 69.86 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of simCode: all other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.0003957/0.9567, allocations: 139.4 kB / 0.4923 GB, free: 69.72 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of SimCode: time 1.102e-06/0.9567, allocations: 4 kB / 0.4923 GB, free: 69.71 MB / 382.1 MB Notification: Performance of Templates: time 0.06643/1.023, allocations: 43.62 MB / 0.5349 GB, free: 26.04 MB / 382.1 MB make -j1 -f Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.makefile Environment - environmentSimulation: (rm -f Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.pipe ; mkfifo Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.pipe ; head -c 1048576 < Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.pipe >> ../files/Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.sim & ./Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump -abortSlowSimulation -alarm=480 -lv LOG_STATS > Modelica_3.1_Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousInductionMachines.SMEE_LoadDump.pipe 2>&1) Environment - environmentSimulation: