Running: ./testmodel.py --libraries=/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries --ompython_omhome=/usr IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.conf.json loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo", uses=false) loadFile("/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/IDEAS 3.0.0/package.mo", uses=false) Using package IDEAS with version 3.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/IDEAS 3.0.0/package.mo) Using package Modelica with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo) Using package Complex with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo) Using package ModelicaServices with version 4.0.0 (/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo) Running command: translateModel(IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=5000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251") translateModel(IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251,tolerance=1e-06,outputFormat="empty",numberOfIntervals=5000,variableFilter="",fileNamePrefix="IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251") Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/ModelicaServices 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.007767/0.007768, allocations: 104.1 kB / 15.74 MB, free: 6.059 MB / 14.72 MB Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Complex 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 0.001541/0.001541, allocations: 196.2 kB / 16.68 MB, free: 5.969 MB / 14.72 MB Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/Modelica 4.0.0+maint.om/package.mo): time 1.379/1.379, allocations: 222.9 MB / 240.4 MB, free: 15.16 MB / 206.1 MB Notification: Performance of loadFile(/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/IDEAS 3.0.0/package.mo): time 0.8347/0.8347, allocations: 132.2 MB / 422.7 MB, free: 6.574 MB / 334.1 MB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - loaded program: time 0.001229/0.001229, allocations: 59.34 kB / 0.5813 GB, free: 23.81 MB / 446.1 MB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - Absyn->SCode: time 0.1756/0.1769, allocations: 80.21 MB / 0.6596 GB, free: 10.33 MB / 0.4981 GB Notification: Performance of NFInst.instantiate(IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251): time 0.009334/0.1862, allocations: 7.022 MB / 0.6665 GB, free: 3.262 MB / 0.4981 GB Notification: Performance of NFInst.instExpressions: time 0.6437/0.83, allocations: 155.8 MB / 0.8186 GB, free: 9.207 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFInst.updateImplicitVariability: time 0.001769/0.8318, allocations: 30.91 kB / 0.8187 GB, free: 9.199 MB / 0.5919 GB [/home/hudson/saved_omc/libraries/.openmodelica/libraries/IDEAS 3.0.0/BoundaryConditions/Interfaces/PartialSimInfoManager.mo:151:3-154:55:writable] Warning: Connector weaBus is not balanced: The number of potential variables (20) is not equal to the number of flow variables (0). Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeComponents: time 0.0009843/0.8328, allocations: 299.1 kB / 0.8189 GB, free: 8.969 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeBindings: time 0.002778/0.8356, allocations: 0.7303 MB / 0.8197 GB, free: 8.516 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFTyping.typeClassSections: time 0.003776/0.8394, allocations: 1.303 MB / 0.8209 GB, free: 7.637 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.flatten: time 0.005904/0.8453, allocations: 4.599 MB / 0.8254 GB, free: 4.73 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.resolveConnections: time 0.003579/0.8489, allocations: 2.687 MB / 0.828 GB, free: 3.223 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFEvalConstants.evaluate: time 0.003978/0.8529, allocations: 1.806 MB / 0.8298 GB, free: 2.133 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFSimplifyModel.simplify: time 0.002346/0.8553, allocations: 1.814 MB / 0.8316 GB, free: 0.8359 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFPackage.collectConstants: time 0.0006757/0.8559, allocations: 472.3 kB / 0.832 GB, free: 0.8359 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFFlatten.collectFunctions: time 0.002219/0.8582, allocations: 1.069 MB / 0.8331 GB, free: 0.5234 MB / 0.5919 GB Notification: Performance of NFScalarize.scalarize: time 0.0009398/0.8591, allocations: 1.013 MB / 0.8341 GB, free: 15.69 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of NFVerifyModel.verify: time 0.002722/0.8619, allocations: 1.911 MB / 0.8359 GB, free: 14.23 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of NFConvertDAE.convert: time 0.007162/0.869, allocations: 5.623 MB / 0.8414 GB, free: 10.18 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd - DAE generated: time 7.204e-06/0.8691, allocations: 4 kB / 0.8414 GB, free: 10.17 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of FrontEnd: time 3.066e-06/0.8691, allocations: 2.469 kB / 0.8414 GB, free: 10.17 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of Transformations before backend: time 0.0001777/0.8693, allocations: 0 / 0.8414 GB, free: 10.17 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Model statistics after passing the front-end and creating the data structures used by the back-end: * Number of equations: 777 * Number of variables: 777 Notification: Performance of Generate backend data structure: time 0.009656/0.8789, allocations: 3.996 MB / 0.8453 GB, free: 7.367 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of prepare preOptimizeDAE: time 4.536e-05/0.879, allocations: 9.656 kB / 0.8453 GB, free: 7.367 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt normalInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.009515/0.8885, allocations: 1.298 MB / 0.8466 GB, free: 6.523 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt evaluateParameters (simulation): time 0.005078/0.8936, allocations: 2.184 MB / 0.8487 GB, free: 4.285 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt simplifyIfEquations (simulation): time 0.0002313/0.8939, allocations: 238 kB / 0.849 GB, free: 4.051 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt expandDerOperator (simulation): time 0.001056/0.895, allocations: 296 kB / 0.8492 GB, free: 3.762 MB / 0.6075 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt clockPartitioning (simulation): time 0.01326/0.9082, allocations: 4.508 MB / 0.8536 GB, free: 15.14 MB / 0.6231 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt findStateOrder (simulation): time 9.458e-05/0.9084, allocations: 4 kB / 0.8536 GB, free: 15.14 MB / 0.6231 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt replaceEdgeChange (simulation): time 0.0007662/0.9091, allocations: 124 kB / 0.8538 GB, free: 15.02 MB / 0.6231 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 7.495e-05/0.9092, allocations: 72 kB / 0.8538 GB, free: 14.95 MB / 0.6231 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt removeEqualRHS (simulation): time 0.0134/0.9226, allocations: 4.952 MB / 0.8587 GB, free: 9.984 MB / 0.6231 GB Warning: The model contains alias variables with redundant start and/or conflicting nominal values. It is recommended to resolve the conflicts, because otherwise the system could be hard to solve. To print the conflicting alias sets and the chosen candidates please use -d=aliasConflicts. Notification: Performance of preOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.02704/0.9497, allocations: 14.11 MB / 0.8725 GB, free: 11.12 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt comSubExp (simulation): time 0.01211/0.9619, allocations: 4.102 MB / 0.8765 GB, free: 7.008 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt resolveLoops (simulation): time 0.004468/0.9664, allocations: 1.706 MB / 0.8781 GB, free: 5.301 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt evalFunc (simulation): time 0.001346/0.9677, allocations: 1.081 MB / 0.8792 GB, free: 3.996 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of preOpt encapsulateWhenConditions (simulation): time 0.005704/0.9735, allocations: 2.131 MB / 0.8813 GB, free: 1.84 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of pre-optimization done (n=225): time 8.236e-06/0.9735, allocations: 0 / 0.8813 GB, free: 1.84 MB / 0.6387 GB Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=225): time 0.01714/0.9907, allocations: 5.422 MB / 0.8866 GB, free: 12.38 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of inlineWhenForInitialization (initialization): time 0.0002092/0.9909, allocations: 273.3 kB / 0.8868 GB, free: 12.06 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of selectInitializationVariablesDAE (initialization): time 0.004077/0.995, allocations: 2.006 MB / 0.8888 GB, free: 10.01 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of collectPreVariables (initialization): time 0.0005786/0.9956, allocations: 73.69 kB / 0.8888 GB, free: 9.93 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of collectInitialEqns (initialization): time 0.0014/0.997, allocations: 1.196 MB / 0.89 GB, free: 8.715 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of collectInitialBindings (initialization): time 0.0014/0.9984, allocations: 0.747 MB / 0.8907 GB, free: 7.957 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of simplifyInitialFunctions (initialization): time 0.001816/1, allocations: 0.5467 MB / 0.8913 GB, free: 7.402 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of setup shared object (initialization): time 0.0001294/1, allocations: 301.1 kB / 0.8916 GB, free: 7.105 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of preBalanceInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.004153/1.005, allocations: 1.613 MB / 0.8931 GB, free: 5.488 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of partitionIndependentBlocks (initialization): time 0.004647/1.009, allocations: 1.95 MB / 0.895 GB, free: 3.438 MB / 0.6544 GB Notification: Performance of analyzeInitialSystem (initialization): time 0.00905/1.018, allocations: 3.586 MB / 0.8985 GB, free: 15.72 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of solveInitialSystemEqSystem (initialization): time 1.181e-05/1.018, allocations: 0 / 0.8985 GB, free: 15.72 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of matching and sorting (n=296) (initialization): time 0.0114/1.03, allocations: 4.113 MB / 0.9026 GB, free: 11.55 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 4.789e-05/1.03, allocations: 34.17 kB / 0.9026 GB, free: 11.51 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (initialization): time 1.625e-05/1.03, allocations: 8 kB / 0.9026 GB, free: 11.5 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (initialization): time 0.0006121/1.03, allocations: 96.77 kB / 0.9027 GB, free: 11.4 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (initialization): time 0.003794/1.034, allocations: 0.7175 MB / 0.9034 GB, free: 10.68 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (initialization): time 0.002471/1.037, allocations: 1.703 MB / 0.9051 GB, free: 8.836 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (initialization): time 0.00395/1.041, allocations: 441.4 kB / 0.9055 GB, free: 8.402 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (initialization): time 0.0005785/1.041, allocations: 135.8 kB / 0.9056 GB, free: 8.27 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for initialization: * Number of independent subsystems: 27 * Number of states: 0 () * Number of discrete variables: 32 ($whenCondition4,$whenCondition3,sim.weaDat.conTim.canRepeatWeatherFile,sim.weaDat.conTimMin.canRepeatWeatherFile,sim.radSol[1].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.radSol[2].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.radSol[3].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.radSol[4].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.radSol[5].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.radSol[6].solAzi.outsidePolarCircle,sim.weaDat.conTim.tNext,$PRE.sim.weaDat.conTim.tNext,sim.weaDat.conTimMin.tNext,$PRE.sim.weaDat.conTimMin.tNext,runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[7],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[7],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[6],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[6],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[5],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[5],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[4],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[4],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[3],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[3],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[2],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[2],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[1],$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[1],runningMeanTemperature.TRm,$PRE.runningMeanTemperature.TRm,$whenCondition1,$whenCondition2) * Number of discrete states: 0 () * Number of clocked states: 0 () * Top-level inputs: 0 Notification: Strong component statistics for initialization (294): * Single equations (assignments): 292 * Array equations: 0 * Algorithm blocks: 1 * Record equations: 0 * When equations: 0 * If-equations: 0 * Equation systems (not torn): 0 * Torn equation systems: 1 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0 Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set: * Linear torn systems (#iteration vars, #inner vars, density): 0 systems * Non-linear torn systems (#iteration vars, #inner vars): 1 system {(1,2)} Notification: Performance of prepare postOptimizeDAE: time 0.003202/1.045, allocations: 1.027 MB / 0.9066 GB, free: 7.227 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt lateInlineFunction (simulation): time 0.001229/1.046, allocations: 225.2 kB / 0.9068 GB, free: 7.004 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt wrapFunctionCalls (simulation): time 0.01322/1.059, allocations: 4.392 MB / 0.9111 GB, free: 2.547 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt inlineArrayEqn (simulation): time 2.352e-05/1.059, allocations: 24 kB / 0.9111 GB, free: 2.523 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt constantLinearSystem (simulation): time 7.283e-06/1.059, allocations: 3.938 kB / 0.9111 GB, free: 2.52 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifysemiLinear (simulation): time 3.657e-05/1.059, allocations: 11.95 kB / 0.9112 GB, free: 2.508 MB / 0.67 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt removeSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.01896/1.078, allocations: 8.116 MB / 0.9191 GB, free: 10.17 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyComplexFunction (simulation): time 1.198e-05/1.078, allocations: 0 / 0.9191 GB, free: 10.17 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt solveSimpleEquations (simulation): time 0.003471/1.082, allocations: 0.5811 MB / 0.9197 GB, free: 9.59 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt tearingSystem (simulation): time 0.0004945/1.082, allocations: 84.78 kB / 0.9197 GB, free: 9.504 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt inputDerivativesUsed (simulation): time 0.0003585/1.083, allocations: 75.88 kB / 0.9198 GB, free: 9.43 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStrongComponentJacobians (simulation): time 0.002612/1.085, allocations: 1.713 MB / 0.9215 GB, free: 7.574 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt calculateStateSetsJacobians (simulation): time 1.673e-06/1.085, allocations: 0 / 0.9215 GB, free: 7.574 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt symbolicJacobian (simulation): time 0.01422/1.099, allocations: 5.802 MB / 0.9271 GB, free: 1.695 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt removeConstants (simulation): time 0.001775/1.101, allocations: 0.763 MB / 0.9279 GB, free: 0.9102 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyTimeIndepFuncCalls (simulation): time 0.000801/1.102, allocations: 75.69 kB / 0.928 GB, free: 0.8359 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt simplifyAllExpressions (simulation): time 0.002826/1.105, allocations: 277.7 kB / 0.9282 GB, free: 0.5664 MB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt findZeroCrossings (simulation): time 0.0003993/1.105, allocations: 153.8 kB / 0.9284 GB, free: 424 kB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of postOpt collapseArrayExpressions (simulation): time 0.0002678/1.106, allocations: 87.94 kB / 0.9285 GB, free: 336 kB / 0.6856 GB Notification: Performance of sorting global known variables: time 0.002967/1.109, allocations: 1.535 MB / 0.93 GB, free: 14.77 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of sort global known variables: time 1.6e-07/1.109, allocations: 0 / 0.93 GB, free: 14.77 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of remove unused functions: time 0.003265/1.112, allocations: 0.8917 MB / 0.9308 GB, free: 13.88 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Model statistics after passing the back-end for simulation: * Number of independent subsystems: 1 * Number of states: 1 (runningMeanTemperature.intTAmb) * Number of discrete variables: 14 ($whenCondition4,$whenCondition2,$whenCondition1,$whenCondition3,runningMeanTemperature.TRm,runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[1],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[2],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[3],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[4],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[5],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[6],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[7],sim.weaDat.conTimMin.tNext,sim.weaDat.conTim.tNext) * Number of discrete states: 13 (runningMeanTemperature.TRm,runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[7],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[6],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[5],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[4],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[3],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[2],runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[1],$whenCondition3,i,runningMeanTemperature.TAveDay[i - 1],sim.weaDat.conTim.tNext,sim.weaDat.conTimMin.tNext) * Number of clocked states: 0 () * Top-level inputs: 0 Notification: Strong component statistics for simulation (245): * Single equations (assignments): 241 * Array equations: 0 * Algorithm blocks: 1 * Record equations: 0 * When equations: 2 * If-equations: 0 * Equation systems (not torn): 0 * Torn equation systems: 1 * Mixed (continuous/discrete) equation systems: 0 Notification: Torn system details for strict tearing set: * Linear torn systems (#iteration vars, #inner vars, density): 0 systems * Non-linear torn systems (#iteration vars, #inner vars): 1 system {(1,3)} Notification: Performance of Backend phase and start with SimCode phase: time 0.001957/1.114, allocations: 0.6956 MB / 0.9315 GB, free: 13.38 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: created initialization part: time 0.009521/1.123, allocations: 3.783 MB / 0.9352 GB, free: 9.555 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: created event and clocks part: time 8.856e-06/1.123, allocations: 0 / 0.9352 GB, free: 9.555 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: created simulation system equations: time 0.00475/1.128, allocations: 1.985 MB / 0.9371 GB, free: 7.543 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: created of all other equations (e.g. parameter, nominal, assert, etc): time 0.002997/1.131, allocations: 458.7 kB / 0.9376 GB, free: 7.121 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: created linear, non-linear and system jacobian parts: time 0.01496/1.146, allocations: 6.436 MB / 0.9439 GB, free: 0.6602 MB / 0.7012 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: some other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.002578/1.149, allocations: 2.301 MB / 0.9461 GB, free: 14.32 MB / 0.7169 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: alias equations: time 0.003919/1.153, allocations: 0.9307 MB / 0.947 GB, free: 13.39 MB / 0.7169 GB Notification: Performance of simCode: all other stuff during SimCode phase: time 0.001633/1.154, allocations: 291.2 kB / 0.9473 GB, free: 13.11 MB / 0.7169 GB Notification: Performance of SimCode: time 1.122e-06/1.154, allocations: 0 / 0.9473 GB, free: 13.11 MB / 0.7169 GB Notification: Performance of Templates: time 0.069/1.223, allocations: 41.94 MB / 0.9882 GB, free: 3.328 MB / 0.7481 GB make -j1 -f IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.makefile (rm -f IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.pipe ; mkfifo IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.pipe ; head -c 1048576 < IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.pipe >> ../files/IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.sim & ./IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251 -abortSlowSimulation -alarm=480 -lv LOG_STATS > IDEAS_IDEAS.Controls.ControlHeating.Examples.RunningMeanTemperatureEN15251.pipe 2>&1)